On March 3, the Discussion Club of “Caravan of Knowledge” hosted a discussion on the topic “The Jadids movement and The Turkestan Autonomy: a century later”. Professor Saidakbar Agzamkhodzhaev presented his report at the event. The talk focused on century-old events related to the movement aimed at society modernization and a change in the socio-political life of Turkestan after the Russian empire collapse.
The event also discussed the origins and the formation of the ideology of the national-territorial autonomy of Turkestan movement before and after the Soviet power establishment. A historical overview of the Turkestan Autonomous Republic called Turkiston Mukhtoriati was given. During the seminar the following points called for a an in-depth study based on a new availability of the archives, handwritings and memoirs seen from the fight for independence perspective.
1. The emergence of the Jadids movement
- Historical conditions for the Jadidism formation
- Enlightenment and the issues of the Muslim society reformation in the late Х1Х-beginning of the XX centuries
- The ideology of the Muslim movement in the early XX century
2. The goals and tasks of Jadidism
- The educational activities of the Jadids
- The transformation of Jadidism into a socio-political movement
- Jadidism in Turkestan, Bukhara and Khiva
3. The development stages of Jadidism
- The Russian Revolution period of 1905-1907
- The influence of the ideas brought by the constitutional movement in Iran (1905-1911) and the revolution of the Young Turks (1908).
- The inter-revolutionary years 1908-1917
- The period between February and October 1917
- The Soviet period
4. The growth of national self-awareness of Central Asian people and the collapse of the Russian Empire
- The uprising in 1916
- The February revolution in 1917
- “Shuroi Islomiya” (Kraymussovet) – the organizer and coordinator of the Turkestan Muslim movement;
- Russian and Turkestan Muslim congresses
- The idea of the Muslim unity
5. The national print: slogans and their content
- Al-Islokh (Reform)
- Ulug Turkiston (Great Turkistan)
- Hurriyat (Freedom)
- Najot (Liberation)
- Turon (Turan)
- Kengash (Council)
- Turk sozi (Turkic word)
6. The politicization of the national liberation movement
- The opposition between the Jadids and the Qadimists during the City Duma elections
- The split in the national movement and the “Shuroi Ulamo” society formation
- “Türk adami Markaziati” – the first political party
- The idea of creating “Ittifak al-Muslimin” party
- The movement for the national-territorial autonomy of Turkestan
7. The October Revolution and the Soviet power establishment in Turkestan
- An armed Bolshevik coup-d-etat in Tashkent
- The third Regional Congress of Soviets and its decision to form the Council of People’s Commissars (SNK)
- The establishment of the Soviet power on the ground
8. Turkiston Mukhtoriati – the experience of creating a national-democratic statehood
- Models of the state system: monarchist, autonomist, republican
- Urgent 4th regional Muslim congress. The Turkiston Mukhtoriati formation
- The dual power and a violent liquidation of Turkiston Mukhtoriati
9. The Muslim resistance movement against the Soviet regime
- The causes of the movement
- The driving force and the movement structure
- The leaders of the movement were Ergash, Madaminbek, Shermukhammadbek, Ibrahimbek and others
- The international character of the movement (The Monstrov movement, Enver Pasha)
- The fate of the Turkestan independence movement